Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Promotes Gait Training in Parkinson Disease

[Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy for Parkinson disease].

In repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), repetitive cortical stimulation induces after-effects, and rTMS has been applied as a treatment for various neurological or psychiatric disorders. Animal studies demonstrated that cortical stimulation could improve Parkinsonism, and a meta-analysis of clinical studies showed efficacy of high frequency rTMS. We conducted two clinical trials...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Health and Disease

(S u m m a r y) After a historical review of science and technology developments which leads to the invention of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Chapter 1) in the next chapter (Chapter 2) the basic information for functional role of motor cortex in motor control is given. An essential part of the book is devoted to the studies of sensorimotor integration using TMS. Sensorimotor integra...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies in Alzheimer's Disease

Although motor deficits affect patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) only at later stages, recent studies demonstrated that primary motor cortex is precociously affected by neuronal degeneration. It is conceivable that neuronal loss is compensated by reorganization of the neural circuitries, thereby maintaining motor performances in daily living. Effectively several transcranial magnetic stimu...

Effect of Voice Treatment Supplemented with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Voice Periodicity in Parkinson Disease

Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation improves gait freezing in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) stimulation is a novel therapy for Parkinson disease. However, controversies remain regarding the clinical application of this new therapy, including patient selection, electrode positioning, and how best to assess outcomes. OBJECTIVE To clarify the clinical application of PPN stimulation in Parkinson disease. METHODS Five consecutive patients with ...